Das ENSO-Phänomen

Quellen

Printmedien (Einzelausgaben)

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• WMO (1985): The global climate system - a critical review of the climate system during 1982-1984
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• Wolff, Matthias (2017): Auftriebsgebiete und El Niño. In: G. Hempel, K. Bischof, W. Hagen (Hrsg.), Faszination Meeresforschung, DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-49714-2_7. Bremen, Berlin
• WWF Deutschland (2009): Hintergrundinformation Wald & Klima, (PDF). Frankfurt
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• Wyrtki, Klaus (1989): Some Thoughts about the West Pacific Warm Pool. In: Picaut Joël (ed.), Lukas R. (ed.), Delcroix Thierry (ed.). Western Pacific international meeting and workshop on Toga Coare: Proceedings
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Periodika

• Aktuelle Landkarte 1/98
• Collins, Mat (2010): The impact of global warming on the tropical Pacific Ocean and El Niño. In: Nature Geoscience 3, 391 - 397 (2010)
• DER SPIEGEL, 13.10.1997, Tumult in der Wetterküche; 13.3.2015, El Niño blamiert Meteorologen; 14.8.2015, Meteorologen warnen vor Super-El Niño
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• FOCUS, 42/1997, El Niño - Das teuflische Christkind
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Internet-Adressen und Web-Publikationen (unvollständige Liste, da partiell auch in den einzelnen Kapiteln angegeben)

• Anyamba, Assaf et al. (2019): Global Disease outbreaks Associated with the 2015–2016 El Niño event. Sci Rep 9, 1930 (2019) doi:10.1038/s41598-018-38034-z
• Barnston, Anthony (2015): Why are there so many ENSO indexes, instead of just one? NOAA ENSO Blog
• Becker, Emily (2015): December El Niño update: phenomenal cosmic powers! NOAA ENSO Blog
• Henson, Bob (2015): El Niño’s Role in Deadly Chennai Rains; Progress in Paris Climate Talks. wunderground.com
• L'Heureux, Michelle (2015): Were Model Predictions of El Niño a Big Bust? NOAA ENSO Blog
• IRI: IRI Technical ENSO Update. Palisades NY (div. Zugriffe)
• IRI: ENSO essentials. Palisades NY (4.1.2016)
• Kirchhübel, Lars: El Niño - Ein Zwischenfazit des sogenannten "Christkindes". (13.11.2015)
• Leyser, Adrian: Waldbrände in Indonesien teuerste "Wetterkatastrophe" 2015. (17.10.2015)
• McPhaden, M. J. (2015): Playing hide and seek with El Niño. Nature Climate Change 5, 791-795
• MeteoSchweiz (Nov. 2015): El Niño - Das Ereignis 2015/16 und Hintergründe zum Phänomen.
• Min, Qingye et al. (2015): What hindered the El Niño pattern in 2014?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 42
• Schreiber, M. A. et al. (2011): Coping Strategies to Deal with Environmental Variability and Extreme Climatic Events in the Peruvian Anchovy Fishery. Bremen
• Ziese, Markus et al. (29.4.2015): Hochwasserschäden durch beginnenden El Niño an Pazifikküste Südamerikas. DWD, Offenbach
• Ziese, Markus et al. (2.11.2015): El Niño 2015 – Erste Erkenntnisse und Ausblick. DWD, Offenbach
• http://alert-conservation.org/issues-research-highlights/2015/9/29/choking-on-smoke-the-growing-curse-of-indonesias-wildfires (30.9.2015)
• http://bildungsserver.hamburg.de/ozean-und-klima/2075710/enso-ereignis.html; 20.3.2014
• http://bildungsserver.hamburg.de/treibhausgase/2055556/kohlenstoffkreislauf-ozean-artikel.html; 30.3.2014
• http://bulletin.aviso.oceanobs.com/html/produits/indic/enso/welcome_uk.php3 (6.12.2015)
• http://theconversation.com/el-nino-is-over-but-has-left-its-mark-across-the-world-59823 (29.6.2016)
• http://earth.agu.org/revgeophys (R.o.)
• http://earth.esa.int/venice06/abstractbook_venice06.pdf; 12.3.2006
• https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/ElNino; 16.10.2022
• http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=87374; 22.1.2016
• http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=87434&src=eoa-iotd; 3.2.2016
• https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/el-nino; 30.9.2022
• https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/la-nina; 30.9.2022
• https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/upwelling; 30.9.2022
• http://enso.unl.edu/ndmc/enigma/elnino.htm (R.o.)
• http://floodlist.com/; vielfache Zugriffe
• http://globe.fsl.noaa.gov/fsl/welcome.html (R.o.)
• http://iri.columbia.edu/our-expertise/climate/enso; 28.7.2015
• http://iri.columbia.edu/our-expertise/climate/enso/enso-essentials; 19.7.2015
• http://iri.columbia.edu/our-expertise/climate/forecasts/enso/current/; 1.7.2016
• http://ivvgeo.uni-muenster.de/Vorlesung/FE_Script/titel.html; 14.1.2003
• http://micha.virtualave.net/elnino.shtml (R.o.)
• http://noaasis.noaa.gov/NOAASIS/ml/education.html; 3.4.2013
• http://noc.ac.uk/science-technology/climate-sea-level/carbon-ocean/biological-carbon-pump; 30.3.2014
• http://oceans.nasa.gov; 21.11.2004
• https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/satellites-ocean.html; 25.1.2018
• http://oceanworld.tamu.edu/resources/oceanography-book/contents2.htm; 24.9.2012
• http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/wcc.294/abstract (Zebiak, Stephen E. et al. (2014): Investigating El Niño-Southern Oscillation and society relationships); 2.8.2014
• http://pollux.geog.ucsb.edu/~jeff/115a/remotesensinghistory.html (R.o.)
• http://public.wmo.int/en/resources/bulletin/progress-observing-and-predicting-enso-0; (30.5.2016)
• http://rainforests.mongabay.com; vielfache Zugriffe
• http://reliefweb.int/; vielfache Zugriffe
• http://science.sciencemag.org/content/295/5559/1508.full?ijkey=lyNYcJYAS8c8U&keytype=ref&siteid=sci; 5.4.2018
• http://sealevel.jpl.nasa.gov/; 11.1.2014
• http://sealevel.jpl.nasa.gov/science/jason1-quick-look; 21.11.2004
• http://topex-www.jpl.nasa.gov/education/education.html; 7.9.2004
• http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/elnino/; 12.7.2006
• http://wiki.bildungsserver.de/klimawandel/index.php/ENSO; 15.12.2013
• http://wiki.bildungsserver.de/klimawandel/index.php/ENSO-Folgen:_Afrika; 4.6.2014
• http://wiki.bildungsserver.de/klimawandel/index.php/Kipppunkte_im_Klimasystem#.C3.84nderungen_von_El_Ni.C3.B1o; 8.1.2014
• http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gl)/wwhlpr/cdrom.rxml?hret=/guides/mtr/eln./pred.rxml; 17.9.2004
• http://www.agrarheute.com/agrarmanager/news/el-nino-beschaeftigt-agrarmaerkte-0; 13.11.2015
• http://www.aimes.ucar.edu/docs/ssc/2005/03.schimel.pdf; 26.7.2014
• https://www.bgr.bund.de/DE/Themen/GG-Stratigraphie/Fossilgr/Foraminiferen/foraminiferen_node.html; 2.6.2019
• http://www.bild-der-wissenschaft.de/bdw/bdwlive/heftarchiv/index2.php?object_id=32132506; 7.12.2010
• http://www.bloomberg.com/europe (diverse Zugriffe unter den Stichworten 'El Niño' und 'La Niña')
• http://www.bom.gov.au; 25.8.2005 und weitere Zugriffe
• http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/about/tropics/maritime-continent.shtml; 17.8.2015
• http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/ahead/about-ENSO-outlooks.shtml; 1.7.2016
• http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/enso/; 23.8.2014
• http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/enso/history/ln-2010-12/index.shtml; 27.7.2015
• http://www.britannica.com/topic/maritime-continent; 17.8.2015
• http://www.censor.name/pagev2/; 14.6.2006
• http://www.ciifen-int.org/index.php?newlang=english; 8.11.2004
• https://www.climate.gov/news-features/blogs/enso/bittersweet-victory-el-ni%C3%B1o-chaser; 2.10.2022
• https://www.climate.gov/news-features/blogs/enso/double-dipping-why-does-la-ni%C3%B1a-often-occur-consecutive-winters; 18.6.2021
• https://www.climate.gov/news-features/blogs/enso/enso-and-climate-change-what-does-new-ipcc-report-say; 2.10.2022
• https://www.climate.gov/news-features/blogs/enso/enso-flavor-month; 29.4.2019
• https://www.climate.gov/news-features/blogs/enso/may-2021-enso-update-bye-now-la-ni%C3%B1a; 18.6.2021
• https://www.climate.gov/news-features/blogs/enso/predicting-el-niño-then-and-now; 27.4.2019
• http://www.climatechange2013.org/images/report/WG1AR5_ALL_FINAL.pdf; 31.1.2014
• http://www.clivar2004.org/; 31.8.2005
• http://www.cms.fu-berlin.de/geo/fb/e-learning/pg-net/glossar/; 8.1.2014
• http://www.cms.fu-berlin.de/geo/fb/e-learning/petrograph/sedimentite/lesen/se_merkmale/se_fossilien_1/se_fossilien_radiolarien/index.html; 9.10.2022
• http://www.coaps.fsu.edu/lib/biblio/enso-bib-intro.html; 19.9.2004 (umfassende Bibliographie zu ENSO)
• http://www.copernicus.org/EGU/adgeo/6/contents1.html; 12.3.2006
• http://www.copernicus.org/EGU/topconf/avh1; 8.11.2004
• http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/data/indices/; 7.5.2016
• http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/analysis_monitoring/bulletin; 17.5.2005
• http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/analysis_monitoring/enso_advisory/; 17.9.2004
• http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/analysis_monitoring/ensostuff/ensofaq.html; 17.5.2005
• http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/analysis_monitoring/ensostuff/ensofaq.shtml#DETECTION; 4.4.2013
• http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/analysis_monitoring/ensostuff/ensoyears.shtml; 2.7.2016
• http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/analysis_monitoring/ensostuff/nino_regions.html; 17.5.2005
• http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/analysis_monitoring/lanina/enso_evolution-status-fcsts-web.ppt; 20.9.2004
• http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/outreach/facts.html; 17.5.2005
• http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/precip/CWlink/MJO/enso.shtml; 4.4.2013 und weitere Zugriffe
• http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/analysis_monitoring/; häufige Zugriffe
• http://www.dfd.dlr.de/; 14.5.2005
• http://www.dfd.dlr.de/education/faq_allg_de.html (R.o.)
• http://www.disastercharter.org; 26.11.2004
• http://www.dkrz.de/klima/elnino/elnino.html (R.o.)
• http://www.dkkv.org; 26.11.2004
• http://www.dlr.de/rb/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-6813/11188_read-6311/; 21.11.2013
• http://www.dlr.de; vielfacher Zugriff
• http://www.dwd.de/bvbw/appmanager/bvbw/dwdwwwDesktop?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=dwdwww_menu2_wetterlexikon&_nfls=false; 23.1.2014
• http://www.dwd.de/DE/service/lexikon/begriffe/I/Intertropische-Konvergenzzone_pdf.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=3; 13.10.2015
• http://www.dwd.de/DE/service/lexikon/Functions/glossar.html?nn=103346&lv2=101224&lv3=101278; 13.10.2014
• http://www.dwd.de/DE/wetter/thema_des_tages/2016/5/11.html; 11.5.2016
• http://www.education.noaa.gov/Weather_and_Atmosphere/El_Nino.html; 16.8.2015
• http://www.elnino.noaa.gov/; 4.4.2013
• http://www.elnino.noaa.gov/edu.html; 19.9.2004
• http://www.elnino.noaa.gov/lanina_new_faq.html; 20.9.2004
• http://www.ericjlyman.com/elnino.html; 25.10.2015
• http://www.es.flinders.edu.au/~mattom/IntroOc/; 10.6.2015
• http://www.esa.int/esaEO/SEMKZ9WO4HD_index_0.html; 5.8.2005
• http://www.esig.ucar.edu/signal/index.html; 12.9.2004
• http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/enso/dashboard.html; 25.6.2016
• https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/enso/pubs.html; 3.6.2019
• http://www.fao.org/ vielfache Zugriffe
• http://www.geocities.com/HotSprings/2188/haze.html (R.o.)
• http://www.geomar.de/de/studieren/bsc-physik-des-erdsystems/; 12.2.2014
• http://www.goes-r.gov/users/comet/tropical/textbook_2nd_edition/navmenu.php_tab_5_page_2.1.3.htm; 2.9.2015
• http://www.globe.gov/fsl/html/templ.cgi?ElNinoIntro&lang=en&nav=1; 19.9.2004
• http://www.goce-projektbuero.de/7754--~goce~Goce~Anwendungsgebiete~Ozeanographie.html; 9.1.2014
• http://www.greenpeace.org/international/Global/international/briefings/forests/2013/Peat-Forest%20Fires_Briefer_May28-2014.pdf; 19.10.2014
• http://www.grida.no/climate/ipcc_tar/wg1/518.htm; 3.8.2005
• http://www.handelsblatt.com/finanzen/maerkte/devisen-rohstoffe/kakao-warum-der-beste-rohstoff-aus-2015-zum-albtraum-wird/12819266.html; 12.1.2016
• http://www.igbp.net/; 26.1.2014
• http://www.imarpe.gob.pe; 1.12.2004
• http://www.infoperu.com/tforum/viewtopic.php?TopicID=101; 4.8.2005
• http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/reports-nonUN-translations/deutch/IPCC2007-Annex.pdf; 27.11.2013
• http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2013-049; 15.1.2014
• https://www.klimanavigator.eu/glossar/011629/index.php; 3.6.2019
• http://www.klimafakten.de; 12.4.2014
• http://www.meeresgeo-online.de/; 14.2.2012
• http://www.met.igp.gob.pe/variabclim/nino_peru.html; 9.8.2015
• https://www.meted.ucar.edu/tropical/textbook_2nd_edition/print_4.htm; 22.4.2019
• http://www.meteo.uni-bonn.de/mitarbeiter/SCrewell/vorles/fe/FE_vorles/fe_grundlagen.html; 8.1.2003
• http://www.meteoschweiz.admin.ch/web/de/klima/berichte_und_publikationen/el_nino.html; 11.8.2014
• http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/seasonal-to-decadal/gpc-outlooks/el-nino-la-nina/ENSO-impacts; 2.8.2014
• http://www.mongabay.com/; diverse Zugriffe
• http://www.munichre.com/de/reinsurance/magazine/topics-online/2014/07/el-nino/index.html; 11.8.2014
• http://www.myocean.eu/web/37-observation.php; 3.10.2013
• http://www.nationalgeographic.com/elnino/mainpage.html; 25.10.2015
• http://www.nature.com/nclimate/journal/v3/n9/full/nclimate1936.html (El Niño modulations over the past seven centuries); 2.7.2013
• http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/teleconnections/enso/indicators/sst.php (6.1.2016)
• http://www.nectec.or.th/haze/; 8.8.2005
• http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2005/s2428.htm; 17.5.2005
• http://www.ogp.noaa.gov/library/; 12.9.2004
• http://www.pik-potsdam.de/services/infothek/kippelemente; 8.1.2014
• http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/tao/elnino/faq.html; 20.12.2007
• http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/tao/elnino/forecasts.html; 19.9.2004
• http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/tao/elnino/measurements.html; 19.9.2004
• http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/tao/elnino/1997.html; 19.9.2004
• http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/tao/elnino/nino-home.html; 7.5.2015
• http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/tao/jsdisplay/tao_startup.html; 19.9.2004
• https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312042815_First_Report_of_TPOS_2020; 26.5.2019
• http://www.rcom.marum.de/Korallen_als_El_Nino-Archiv.html; 25.12.2007
• http://www.schroders.com/en/SysGlobalAssets/digital/insights/pdfs/el-ninos-economic-impact.pdf; August 2015
• http://www.scinexx.de/dossier-detail-173-6.html; 31.12.2013
• http://www.scinexx.de/inc/artikel_drucken.php?f_id=648&a_flag=2; 27.1.2018
• http://www.sf.tv/sfmeteo/lexikon/index.html; 10.11.2007
• http://www.srh.noaa.gov/jetstream/tropics/enso_patterns.htm; 16.8.2015
• http://www.srh.noaa.gov/jetstream/tropics/enso_impacts.htm; 14.2.2016
• http://www.tsgc.utexas.edu/topex/; 8.8.2005
• http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/sites/default/files/medien/479/publikationen/globale_landflaechen_biomasse_bf_klein.pdf; 3.4.2014
• http://www.unep.org/themes/freshwater/documents/climate_change_and_variability_in_the_southern_africa.pdf; 4.6.2014
• https://www.uni-stuttgart.de/presse/archiv/themenheft/09/sneeuw.pdf; 27.1.2018
• http://www.unocha.org/el-nino; 14.6.2016
• http://www.wallstreetdaily.com/2016/01/13/el-nino-la-nina-commodities/; 13.1.2016
• http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2014/11/20/000406484_20141120090713/Rendered/PDF/ 927040v20WP00O0ull0Report000English.pdf; 24.11.2014
• http://www.weathersa.co.za/learning/climate-questions/35-how-does-enso-affect-south-africa; 4.6.2014
• http://www.wetterkontor.de/de/lexikon/; 12.11.2013
• http://www.wikipedia.de; vielfache Zugriffe
• http://www.wmo.ch; 25.12.2007
• http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/wcp/wcasp/documents/WMO_ENSO_Nov15_Eng.pdf; 16.11.2015
• http://www.wunderground.com/blog/weatherhistorian/the-el-nino-of-19971998; 11.10.2015
• http://www.wwf.de/themen-projekte/landwirtschaft/produkte-aus-der-landwirtschaft/palmoel/; 24.10.2014
• https://ec.gc.ca/meteo-weather/default.asp?lang=En&n=1C524B98-1; 12.5.2016
• https://www.bondvigilantes.com/deutsch/2015/09/16/el-nino-kommt-was-bedeutet-das-fuer-bip-rohstoffpreise-und-inflation/?noredirect=de_DE; 16.9.2015
• https://content.meteoblue.com/de/forschung-und-entwicklung/datenquellen/nmm-modellierung/ensembles; 16.5.2015
• https://www.climate.gov/news-features/department/enso-blog; diverse Zugriffe
• https://www.climate.gov/news-features/blogs/enso/dearest-tao-love-letter-marine-based-observations; 13.9.2017
• https://www.climate.gov/news-features/event-tracker/climate-connections-fort-mcmurray-fire; 2.7.2016
• https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-variability-oceanic-niño-index; 25.6.2016
• https://www.greenpeace.de/sites/www.greenpeace.de/files/publications/fs_palmoel_aus_indonesien_november_2014_1.pdf (25.10.2015)
• https://www.ideas-magazin.de/2016/ideas-166/maerkte/rohstoffe-el-nino/; 7.2.2016
• https://www.max-wissen.de/public/downloads/overview.pdf; 30.3.2014
• https://www.niwa.co.nz/our-science/climate/information-and-resources/clivar/elnino; 12.10.2015
• https://www.undercurrentnews.com; diverse Zugriffe
• https://www.zamg.ac.at/cms/de/klima/informationsportal-klimawandel/klimaforschung/klimarekonstruktion/baumringe; 21.3.2014

Persönliche Mitteilungen

Besonderer Dank gilt den folgenden Personen, weil sie - teilweise mit großem Zeitaufwand - unsere Fragen beantwortet und uns wertvolle Anregungen gegeben haben:

• Prof. Dr. Wolf Arntz. Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Bremerhaven. <http://www.awi-bremerhaven.de/>
• Anthony G. Barnston, International Research Institute for Science and Society. <http://iri.columbia.edu/contact/staff-directory/anthony-barnston/>
• Dr. Albert Gerdes, Bremen. <http://www.marum.de/Albert_Gerdes.html>
• Prof. Dr. Dieter Kelletat. Geographisches Institut, Universität Essen. <http://www.uni-essen.de/geographie/>
• Prof. Dr. Wilfried Endlicher. Geographisches Institut, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. <http://www.geographie.hu-berlin.de/ph/kligeo/leute/endlicher.html>
• Kristopher B. Karnauskas, Ph.D., Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), <http://www.colorado.edu/oclab/>
• Dr. Vernon E. Kousky, NOAA, CPC. <http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/information/personnel/index.shtml>
• Dr. Gary S.E. Lagerloef. Earth and Space Research, Seattle (WA). <http://www.esr.org/>
• Dr. Michael J. McPhaden. NOAA/PMEL, Seattle (WA). <http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/>
• Klaus Wolter, Ph.D. - NOAA-CIRES Climate Diagnostics Center, Boulder (CO). <http://www.cdc.noaa.gov/>
• Dr. Dietmar Dommenget, Ute Merkel, Sigrid Schoettle. DKRZ, Hamburg. <http://www.dkrz.de/>
• Jinbao Li. Department of Geography, University of Hong Kong. <http://geog.hku.hk/staff_FT_Li_JB.html>
• Dipl.-Geograph Thomas Loster. Münchener Rückversicherungs-Gesellschaft. <http://www.munichre.com>
• Michael Denhard. Institut für Meteorologie und Geophysik, Universität Frankfurt/Main. <http://www.meteor.uni-frankfurt.de/>
• Michael E. Weber. Ocean Mapping Group, Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Canada <http://www.omg.unb.ca/~mweber/>
• Dr. Stuart Barlow. International Fishmeal & Oil Manufacturers Association, St. Albans (GB).
• Kevin Trenberth. Climate Analysis Section, NCAR, Boulder (CO). <http://www.cgd.ucar.edu/staff/trenbert>
• William S. Kessler. NOAA / Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle (WA). <http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/~kessler>
• Prof. Dr. Mojib Latif. GEOMAR, Kiel. <http://www.geomar.de/index.php?id=mlatif>

Material zur Gestaltung dieses Produkts:

• Schriftart Lato: Copyright (c) 2010-2011 by tyPoland Lukasz Dziedzic (team@latofonts.com) with Reserved Font Name "Lato". Licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
• Schriftart Cabin: Copyright 2016 The Cabin Project Authors (impallari@gmail.com). Licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
• Das ENSO-Quiz basiert auf dem Multiple-Choice-Quiz des SELFHTML-Wikis, Lizenz: CC-BY-SA 3.0 (de)